February 2019 Newsletter

Forecast: Will Markets Rebound in 2019 or is More Chaos in Store?

Simply put, the stock market had a terrible 2018—its worst year since the Financial Crisis, by some measures.* So, what does 2019 have in store? No one knows for sure, of course, but by looking at the right details we can get a good idea of where the markets might be headed after a year of historic volatility. With that I’d like to share my 2019 Market Forecast, focusing specifically on three key areas: interest rates, the economy, and the stock market.

Interest Rates

Last month was the stock market’s worst December, worse than 1931, during the Great Depression. The turmoil was largely due to the Federal Reserve moving forward with another short-term interest rate hike despite the growing threat of a flattened yield curve and more criticism from the Oval Office. The Fed has stated it hopes to approve two additional short-term interest rate increases this year, and while many forecasters are saying that will happen, I say it won’t.

I believe there is an 80% chance the Fed might approve one rate hike in 2019, only a 10% chance it will approve two. There are many reasons for this, starting with that ever-increasing threat of a flattened yield curve—a challenge I first predicted three years ago. I knew that there would have to be enough economic growth and inflation for long-term interest rates to rise ahead of short-term rates in order to avoid the risk of a flat yield curve, which can cripple economic progress.

As I predicted, that consistent rise in long-term rates hasn’t happened for several reasons. When the Fed first started raising rates in December 2015 after holding them to near-zero for seven years as part of quantitative easing, the yield on the 10-Year Treasury rate was around 2.20%. Currently, it’s at 2.74%, and only briefly topped 3% a few times in 2018.** In other words, the 10-Year is only 0.54% higher, while the Fed funds rate has gone up an entire 2%, leaving the yield curve now perilously close to flat.
This cautious dance between long- and short-term rates is, I believe, a demonstration of how the bond market is “smarter” than the stock market. Each time the Fed announced it was planning to raise short-term rates again, longer-term bonds would sell off, increasing longer-term yields and thereby giving the Fed some room to raise rates without flattening the yield curve. However, in December the bond market said: “Enough is enough,” and this time bond yields didn’t rise to make room for the Fed’s next rate hike. The bond market is basically saying, “We know we’re not going to get the level of economic growth needed to sustain higher interest rates,” and many economic forecasters agree with that analysis.
As you may know, on December 3rd the yield curve already became partially flat when yields on the 2-Year Treasury rate rose higher than yields on 5-Year Treasuries. A wider spread flat yield curve preceded both of the last two major market crashes, starting in 2000 and 2007, and is recognized by economists as a huge red flag of a coming recession. This modest — short spread inversion — is not yet the same precursor.

Economy

With that in mind, the second part of my forecast for 2019 is that economic growth will, in fact, slow. The debate is: are we just in deceleration from high growth to slow growth or will we have a full-blown recession. A recent JP Morgan survey found that 75% of ultra-high net worth investors believe a recession will hit by 2020, with 21% of them predicting it will start in 2019.***
Perhaps the main reason is that these investors know that corporations have already ingested most of the profits from the Trump Administration’s corporate tax cut. At 15%, that cut was the biggest “boost” provided by the new tax plan, and it helped GDP growth top 4 percent in the second quarter and hit 3.5% in the third quarter last year. But that effect may not last, which means future growth is more dependent on individual tax cuts, which were only 3% and 4%. Yes, that gives consumers a little extra spending money, but not enough to sustain GDP growth rates of over 3% and 4%. Remember, too, that the biggest consumer demographic—Baby Boomers—are beyond their prime spending years; they’re more focused on paying off debts and saving for retirement, which also makes it harder to achieve the kind of GDP growth we had in the 1990's. Even the Fed has forecast GDP growth settling back to the 2% range by 2020.****
There are many other factors pointing toward stalling growth and a possible recession in the coming years—along with a host of brewing geopolitical factors that could make the economic outlook for 2019 and 2020 more bleak. Those include, of course, the ongoing trade war with China, economic instability in Europe and Asia, the mounting federal deficit, and political turmoil in Washington—which is only likely to increase now that Democrats control the House.

Stock Market

Even if none of those situations escalates and leads to a tipping point for the stock market, remember that emotion is the market’s main driver, and that fear alone can have real consequences. Considering just how many “fear factors” are in play right now, the final piece of my forecast for 2019 is the stock market. We may or may not experience a long-overdue major drop that I still believe is lurking in our future. I still think the risks to the stock market are elevated this year. However, there still is an opportunity for economic growth to be enough to sustain another year of modest growth and gains for the stock market.

Now, it's possible the growth will be accompanied with some more spikes and troughs over the course of the year. It’s a safe bet that there will always be occasional good news throughout the year that gets Wall Street excited. But I believe the spikes and troughs will prove to be more of the extreme volatility we saw in 2018, and that the stock market is going to have a harder time setting new all-time highs.

Wagging the Dog

In looking at all the details I’ve discussed, it’s important to remember that recessions and major market corrections have many different causes and symptoms and that what we’re seeing now is a lot of symptoms with the potential to become causes. That’s how economics and financial markets work: sometimes the tail wags the dog until the dog starts wagging the tail.
For example, sometimes the bond market doesn’t think the economy has enough long-term growth potential so long-term interest rates come down and the yield curve gets flat. That’s a symptom of a possible recession coming. But sometimes the yield curve becomes flat because other influences don’t allow long-term interest rates to increase, and/or the Fed raises short-term rates too quickly. That's a policy error. This time, it could be that the size of the $22 Trillion national debt and the fear of what higher interest rates would cost the economy in potential higher debt service payments that are keeping long-term interest rates lower. However, symptoms can quickly become the cause: banks could stop lending because there’s not enough profit when the yield curve is flat, which would hit businesses and the housing market hard and create a domino effect that leads to an actual recession.

This same idea holds true for the stock market. Sometimes the stock market drops because a recession occurs, and the selloff is a symptom of the recession. But sometimes a volatile or tumbling stock market based on fears of stalling growth and a flattening yield curve (like we’re seeing now) can cause the recession, partly by creating the “reverse wealth effect.” Investors see their 401Ks shrinking and—regardless of whether they have more disposable income thanks to a tax cut or wage increase—they feel less wealthy, so they cut way back on spending and the economy shrinks into a recession.

In the end, there are enough symptoms and potential causes of a market downturn that it’s really irrelevant whether the dog wags the tail or vice versa. With that in mind, investors who haven’t yet reduced their stock market risk and shifted their focus to safe growth or to income-generating financial strategies might want to consider making that their top priority this year.

*“US Stocks Remain on Track for Their Worst Year Since 2008,” NPR.org, Dec. 25, 2018
**“Yahoo Finance,” Dec. 27, 2018
***“75 Percent of the Ultra Rich Forecast a Recession in the Next Two Years,” MarketWatch.com, Sept. 19, 2018.
****FederalReserve.gov

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Pacific Financial Planners, LLC is an Independent Registered Investment Advisor. Securities offered through Western International Securities, Inc., headquartered in Pasadena CA. Pacific Financial Planners, LLC and Western International Securities, Inc. are separate and unaffiliated. The material contained within are the opinions of Jerry Slusiewicz only and are neither an offer or recommendation to buy or sell any securities or strategies mentioned. You should always check with your professional financial advisor and/or tax advisor before taking any action on any of the securities or strategies contained on this site.